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observation, theory-dependence of, 16, Pouchet, Félix, 64
18, 112 Priestly, Joseph, 59
Ordnance Survey of Ireland, 191 priority disputes, 59 60
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242 Index
productivity and scope of claims, 151
and behavioral categories, 38 9 and technical writing, 149 52
and institutional prestige, 39 and unconventional forms, 154
progress, scientific, 6 Richards, Evelleen, 79, 133 4
Project Hindsight, 93 4 risk, 129
proof, 56 Rossi, Alice, 41
Protagoras, 148 Rossiter, Margaret, 41
pseudo-science, 4, 28, 31, 170 rule following, 31, 91 2, 143 6
public engagement mechanisms,
185 6 science and technology, relations
public understanding of science, of, 8 10, 11, 93 6, 158,
168 79 163 6
and courts, 177 8 science and technology studies (STS)
Pusztai, Arpad, 164 and contribution to development
studies, 200 4
quantum mechanics, 31 politics of, 133 5
Quine, W. V. O., 5 and shifts in views of science, 25,
32, 54, 158, 200
Rabeharisoa, Vololona, 187 versus Science, Technology, and
realism, 6 8, 57, 58, 63, 67 Society, viii
about scientific knowledge, 71, scientific funding, 37 8, 138, 182,
166 7 193, 195
and actor network theory, 90 1 scientific theories, 2, 7, 156, 159,
reflexivity, 47, 52, 153 4 161 3, 166 7
relational materialism, 86 7, 92 scientific writing, 127 8, 148 52
relativism, 52, 54 and review, 151 2
replication, 108 12, 123, 130 Sent, Esther-Mirjam, 193
cycle of credibility, 138 Shapin, Steven, 50 1
as delocalization, 159 sheep farming, 175 6
and the laboratory, 161 similarity, 3, 30, 82
and norm of universality, 161 skill, 78, 89, 97, 108 12, 118, 125,
reputation, 127 144 5
Restivo, Michael, 106 Smith, Adam, 190
revolutions, 12, 15 16 social construction, 11, 57
rhetoric, 52, 125 8, 148 56 active dimension of, 61
and appeals to reputation, 127 of discoveries, 59
and establishment of fact, diversity of claims about, 71
149 51 of environments, 62
Latour and Woolgar on, 150 of gender, 59, 73 5
and metaphor, 155 6 and heterogeneity, 64 7
reflexivity about, 153 4 Ian Hacking s analysis of, 57 8
and rhetorical topics as resources, of kinds, 67 8
152 3 in laboratories, 61 2
and repertoires, 152 neo-Kantian, 68 70
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Index 243
and problems of public participation, technological impacts, 9, 74 5, 164,
186 196 7
of social reality, 58 61 technology, testing, 53
and Strong Programme, 54 technoscience, 65, 81 2, 84, 186
of technology (SCOT), 98 7, and gender, 73 5
102 as perspective on scientific
of theories, 63 4 knowledge, 95
of things and phenomena, 61 2 thyrotrophin releasing factor, 61
sociocultural ensembles, 102 Tighlman, Shirley, 43
Sørensen, Knut, 77 TRACES, 94
standardization, 136 47 trading zones, 19
and expertise, 140 1, 143 transfer of knowledge, 109 11
humanist model of, 143 translation, 82 3, 87, 91 2, 170 1
of measurement, 140 Traweek, Sharon, 106
of rules, 141, 143 truth, 6, 16, 28, 54, 63
Star, Susan Leigh, 20 discussed symmetrically, 47 8
Steinmetz, Charles, 94 and interpretation, 139
Stewart, Walter W., 26 and movement away from science,
stratification, and prestige, 36 7 158, 162 3, 166 7
in context of development, 201 and objectivity, 134, 138 40
Strong Programme, 42 9, 67, 87, Tschermak, Erich, 60
202 Tufte, Edward, 129 30
Bloor s Four tenets of, 47 Turkle, Sherry, 77
criticisms of, 54 Turner, Stephen, 38
and externalist explanations, 50
symbolic interactionism, 54, 158 underdetermination, 7
symmetry, 47, 48, 52, 54, 87, 90, universalism, 23 4, 27
120 1 unofficial PhD program, 42 3
in controversy studies, 132 5 users, and their relations to technology,
and supersymmetry, 87 99 101, 102
tacit knowledge, 94, 142, 202 van Fraassen, Bas, 64
task uncertainty, 136 Vaughan, Diane, 129
TEA laser, 109 11, 116, 124 Velikovsky, Immanuel, 28, 31
technical decisions Vienna Circle, 1, 4
and deliberative democracy,
183 4 Watson, James, 152
and public engagement mechanisms, web of belief, 5
185 6 Weber, Joseph, 124, 132
technological determinism, 9 10, Weber, Max, 58
96 7, 101 5 Whig history, 12
arguments against, 97 101 and methodological symmetry, 48
as a heuristic stance, 101 2 Wilson, E. O., 162
technological frame, 102 3 Winner, Langdon, 97
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244 Index
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 3, 18 and the problem of equity, 42 4
and forms of life, 12, 14 and rating of accomplishments, 42
and rule-following, 30, 48 9, 91 2, in science, international comparisons
143 6 of, 40
women, and barriers to productivity, 43 and science s image of, 69
and exclusion from informal Woolgar, Steve, 51, 52, 54, 61, 68,
networks, 42 3 106
and feminization in science, 41 Wynne, Brian, 175 6
and learning differences, 44
and masculine images in science, 42 Zenzen, Michael, 106
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